Reduced Condenser-Water Flow Rate: Energy-Saving Miracle or Mirage?
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چکیده
The conventional design of air-conditioning plants using large-tonnage chillers calls for a condenser-water flow rate of 3 gallons-perminute-per-ton-of-refrigeration (GPM/TR). For years, this standard has been thought to offer a good balance between first cost and energy cost. Recently, this conventional design has been challenged by proponents of a 2 GPM/TR design. These proponents suggest that reducing condenser-water flow rate to 2 GPM/TR will save both first cost and energy cost. They posit that the cooling tower, condenser-water pump and piping can all be downsized, thus reducing first cost. Furthermore, although the lower flow rate will penalize energy performance of the chiller, the proponents suggest that the energy savings on the tower and pump will be greater than the energy penalty on the chiller — and that these savings are available in most applications. The legitimacy of these claims was recently scrutinized by Wayne Kirsner, P.E., an independent consulting engineer based in Atlanta, Ga. He conducted an impartial analysis of the impact of 3 versus 2 GPM/TR condenserwater flow rate, which was published in the February 1996 issue of the ASHRAE Journal. His analysis forms the basis upon which this discussion is founded.
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